A certain algorithm in Ruby on Rails 2.1.0 through 2.2.2, and 2.3.x before 2.3.4, leaks information about the complexity of message-digest signature verification in the cookie store, which might allow remote attackers to forge a digest via multiple attempts.

`telnet.rb` in Puppet 2.7.x before 2.7.13 and Puppet Enterprise (PE) 1.2.x, 2.0.x, and 2.5.x before 2.5.1 allows local users to overwrite arbitrary files via a symlink attack on the NET::Telnet connection log (`/tmp/out.log`).

`actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/http/request.rb` in Ruby on Rails before 3.0.14, 3.1.x before 3.1.6, and 3.2.x before 3.2.6 does not properly consider differences in parameter handling between the Active Record component and the Rack interface, which allows remote attackers to bypass intended database-query restrictions and perform NULL checks via a crafted request, as demonstrated by certain `['xyz', nil]` values, a related issue to CVE-2012-2660.

`lib/curl.rb` in the Curl Gem for Ruby allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands via shell metacharacters in a URL.

### Impact

Pages that are indexed in search results have their entire contents indexed, including any HTML code snippets. These HTML snippets would appear in the search results unsanitised, so it was possible to render arbitrary HTML or run arbitrary scripts.

This is a low risk security issue; to exploit it, an attacker would need to find a way of committing malicious code to a page indexed by a site that uses tech-docs-gem (which are typically not editable by untrusted users). Their code would also be limited by the relatively short length that's rendered in the corresponding search result. Nevertheless, the XSS would then be triggerable by visiting a pre-constructed URL (/search/index.html?q=some+search+term), which users could be tricked into clicking on through social engineering.

### Patches

This has been fixed in v3.3.1. HTML is now sanitised in search results.

# Possible Denial of Service Vulnerability in Rack Header Parsing

There is a possible denial of service vulnerability in the header parsing
routines in Rack.  This vulnerability has been assigned the CVE identifier
CVE-2024-26146.

Versions Affected:  All.
Not affected:       None
Fixed Versions:     2.0.9.4, 2.1.4.4, 2.2.8.1, 3.0.9.1

Impact
------
Carefully crafted headers can cause header parsing in Rack to take longer than
expected resulting in a possible denial of service issue. Accept and Forwarded
headers are impacted.

Ruby 3.2 has mitigations for this problem, so Rack applications using Ruby 3.2
or newer are unaffected.

Releases
--------
The fixed releases are available at the normal locations.

Workarounds
-----------
There are no feasible workarounds for this issue.

Patches
-------
To aid users who aren't able to upgrade immediately we have provided patches for
the two supported release series. They are in git-am format and consist of a
single changeset.

* 2-0-header-redos.patch - Patch for 2.0 series
* 2-1-header-redos.patch - Patch for 2.1 series
* 2-2-header-redos.patch - Patch for 2.2 series
* 3-0-header-redos.patch - Patch for 3.0 series

Credits
-------

Thanks to [svalkanov](https://hackerone.com/svalkanov) for reporting this and
providing patches!

Multiple SQL injection vulnerabilities in Ruby on Rails before 2.1.1 allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands via the (1) `:limit` and (2) `:offset` parameters, related to ActiveRecord, ActiveSupport, ActiveResource, ActionPack, and ActionMailer.

Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the simple_format helper in `actionpack/lib/action_view/helpers/text_helper.rb` in Ruby on Rails 4.x before 4.0.2 allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via a crafted HTML attribute.

## Impact

Several quadratic complexity bugs in commonmarker's underlying [`cmark-gfm`](https://github.com/github/cmark-gfm) library may lead to unbounded resource exhaustion and subsequent denial of service.

The following vulnerabilities were addressed:

* [CVE-2023-22483](https://github.com/github/cmark-gfm/security/advisories/GHSA-29g3-96g3-jg6c)
* [CVE-2023-22484](https://github.com/github/cmark-gfm/security/advisories/GHSA-24f7-9frr-5h2r)
* [CVE-2023-22485](https://github.com/github/cmark-gfm/security/advisories/GHSA-c944-cv5f-hpvr)
* [CVE-2023-22486](https://github.com/github/cmark-gfm/security/advisories/GHSA-r572-jvj2-3m8p)

For more information, consult the release notes for version [`0.23.0.gfm.7`](https://github.com/github/cmark-gfm/releases/tag/0.29.0.gfm.7).

## Mitigation

Users are advised to upgrade to commonmarker version [`0.23.7`](https://rubygems.org/gems/commonmarker/versions/0.23.7).

The crack gem 0.3.1 and earlier for Ruby does not properly restrict casts of string values, which might allow remote attackers to conduct object-injection attacks and execute arbitrary code, or cause a denial of service (memory and CPU consumption) by leveraging Action Pack support for (1) YAML type conversion or (2) Symbol type conversion, a similar vulnerability to CVE-2013-0156.

## Summary

Nokogiri v1.18.9 patches the vendored libxml2 to address CVE-2025-6021, CVE-2025-6170, CVE-2025-49794, CVE-2025-49795, and CVE-2025-49796.

## Impact and severity

### CVE-2025-6021

A flaw was found in libxml2's xmlBuildQName function, where integer overflows in buffer size calculations can lead to a stack-based buffer overflow. This issue can result in memory corruption or a denial of service when processing crafted input.

NVD claims a severity of 7.5 High (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H)

Fixed by applying https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/libxml2/-/commit/17d950ae

### CVE-2025-6170

A flaw was found in the interactive shell of the xmllint command-line tool, used for parsing XML files. When a user inputs an overly long command, the program does not check the input size properly, which can cause it to crash. This issue might allow attackers to run harmful code in rare configurations without modern protections.

NVD claims a severity of 2.5 Low (CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L)

Fixed by applying https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/libxml2/-/commit/5e9ec5c1

### CVE-2025-49794

A use-after-free vulnerability was found in libxml2. This issue occurs when parsing XPath elements under certain circumstances when the XML schematron has the <sch:name path="..."/> schema elements. This flaw allows a malicious actor to craft a malicious XML document used as input for libxml, resulting in the program's crash using libxml or other possible undefined behaviors.

NVD claims a severity of 9.1 Critical (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H)

Fixed by applying https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/libxml2/-/commit/81cef8c5

### CVE-2025-49795

A NULL pointer dereference vulnerability was found in libxml2 when processing XPath XML expressions. This flaw allows an attacker to craft a malicious XML input to libxml2, leading to a denial of service.

NVD claims a severity of 7.5 High (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H)

Fixed by applying https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/libxml2/-/commit/62048278

### CVE-2025-49796

A vulnerability was found in libxml2. Processing certain sch:name elements from the input XML file can trigger a memory corruption issue. This flaw allows an attacker to craft a malicious XML input file that can lead libxml to crash, resulting in a denial of service or other possible undefined behavior due to sensitive data being corrupted in memory.

NVD claims a severity of 9.1 Critical (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H)

Fixed by applying https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/libxml2/-/commit/81cef8c5

## Affected Versions

- Nokogiri < 1.18.9 when using CRuby (MRI) with vendored libxml2

## Patched Versions

- Nokogiri >= 1.18.9

## Mitigation

Upgrade to Nokogiri v1.18.9 or later.

Users who are unable to upgrade Nokogiri may also choose a more complicated mitigation: compile and link Nokogiri against patched external libxml2 libraries which will also address these same issues.

## References

- https://github.com/sparklemotion/nokogiri/pull/3526
- https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-6021
- https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-6170
- https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-49794
- https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-49795
- https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-49796

Fat Free CRM before 0.12.1 does not restrict JSON serialization, which allows remote attackers to obtain sensitive information via a direct request, as demonstrated by a request for `users/1.json`.

The sanitize helper in `lib/action_controller/vendor/html-scanner/html/sanitizer.rb` in the Action Pack component in Ruby on Rails before 2.3.18, 3.0.x and 3.1.x before 3.1.12, and 3.2.x before 3.2.13 does not properly handle encoded `:` (colon) characters in URLs, which makes it easier for remote attackers to conduct cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks via a crafted scheme name, as demonstrated by including a `&#x3a;` sequence.

The Authlogic gem for Ruby on Rails prior to version 3.3.0 makes potentially unsafe `find_by_id` method calls, which might allow remote attackers to conduct CVE-2012-6496 SQL injection attacks via a crafted parameter in environments that have a known secret_token value, as demonstrated by a value contained in `secret_token.rb` in an open-source product.

Puppet 2.6.x before 2.6.15 and 2.7.x before 2.7.13, and Puppet Enterprise (PE) Users 1.0, 1.1, 1.2.x, 2.0.x, and 2.5.x before 2.5.1 allows remote authenticated users with agent SSL keys and file-creation permissions on the puppet master to execute arbitrary commands by creating a file whose full pathname contains shell metacharacters, then performing a filebucket request.

## Duplicate advisory
This advisory has been withdrawn because it is a duplicate of [GHSA-543v-gj2c-r3ch](https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-543v-gj2c-r3ch). This link is maintained to preserve external references.

## Original Description
Active Model in Ruby on Rails 4.1.x before 4.1.14.1, 4.2.x before 4.2.5.1, and 5.x before 5.0.0.beta1.1 supports the use of instance-level writers for class accessors, which allows remote attackers to bypass intended validation steps via crafted parameters.

Unspecified vulnerability in the "dependency resolution mechanism" in Ruby on Rails 1.1.0 through 1.1.5 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary Ruby code via a URL that is not properly handled in the routing code, which leads to a denial of service (application hang) or "data loss," a different vulnerability than CVE-2006-4111.

The nori gem 2.0.x before 2.0.2, 1.1.x before 1.1.4, and 1.0.x before 1.0.3 for Ruby does not properly restrict casts of string values, which allows remote attackers to conduct object-injection attacks and execute arbitrary code, or cause a denial of service (memory and CPU consumption) involving nested XML entity references, by leveraging Action Pack support for (1) YAML type conversion or (2) Symbol type conversion, a similar vulnerability to CVE-2013-0156.

Fat Free CRM before 0.13.6 allows remote attackers to conduct cross-site request forgery (CSRF) attacks via a request without the authenticity_token, as demonstrated by a crafted HTML page that creates a new administrator account.

### Duplicate Advisory
This advisory has been withdrawn because it is a duplicate of GHSA-85rf-xh54-whp3. This link is maintained to preserve external references.

### Original Description
Path traversal in the static file service in Iodine less than 0.7.33 allows an unauthenticated, remote attacker to read files outside the public folder via malicious URLs.



The Active Record component in Ruby on Rails efore 2.3.15, 3.0.x before 3.0.14, 3.1.x before 3.1.6, and 3.2.x before 3.2.6 does not properly implement the passing of request data to a where method in an ActiveRecord class, which allows remote attackers to conduct certain SQL injection attacks via nested query parameters that leverage improper handling of nested hashes, a related issue to CVE-2012-2661.

SQL injection vulnerability in `activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/cast.rb` in Active Record in Ruby on Rails 4.0.x before 4.0.3, and 4.1.0.beta1, when PostgreSQL is used, allows remote attackers to execute "add data" SQL commands via vectors involving `\` (backslash) characters that are not properly handled in operations on array columns.

Ruby on Rails 2.3.9 and 3.0.0 does not properly handle nested attributes, which allows remote attackers to modify arbitrary records by changing the names of parameters for form inputs.

Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in `actionpack/lib/action_view/helpers/form_options_helper.rb` in the select helper in Ruby on Rails 3.0.x before 3.0.12, 3.1.x before 3.1.4, and 3.2.x before 3.2.2 allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via vectors involving certain generation of OPTION elements within SELECT elements.

Withdrawn, accidental duplicate publish.

Directory traversal vulnerability in actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/static.rb in Action Pack in Ruby on Rails 3.x before 3.2.21, 4.0.x before 4.0.12, 4.1.x before 4.1.8, and 4.2.x before 4.2.0.beta4, when serve_static_assets is enabled, allows remote attackers to determine the existence of files outside the application root via vectors involving a \ (backslash) character, a similar issue to CVE-2014-7818.

The Wicked gem prior to v1.0.1 allows a remote attacker to traverse directories on the system via a vulnerability in `controller/concerns/render_redirect.rb`. An attacker can send a specially-crafted URL request containing `%2E%2E%2F` directory traversal sequences to read arbitrary files on the system.

multipart/parser.rb in Rack 1.3.x before 1.3.8 and 1.4.x before 1.4.3 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (memory consumption and out-of-memory error) via a long string in a Multipart HTTP packet.

Withdrawn, accidental duplicate publish.

The thoughtbot paperclip gem before 4.2.2 for Ruby does not consider the content-type value during media-type validation, which allows remote attackers to upload HTML documents and conduct cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks via a spoofed value, as demonstrated by image/jpeg.

### Summary

The rubygem sqlite3 v1.5.1 upgrades the packaged version of libsqlite from v3.39.3 to [v3.39.4](https://sqlite.org/releaselog/3_39_4.html).

libsqlite v3.39.4 addresses a vulnerability described as follows in the release notification:

> Version 3.39.4 is a minimal patch against the prior release that addresses issues found since the
> prior release. In particular, a potential vulnerability in the FTS3 extension has been fixed, so
> this should be considered a security update.
>
> In order to exploit the vulnerability, an attacker must have full SQL access and must be able to
> construct a corrupt database with over 2GB of FTS3 content. The problem arises from a 32-bit
> signed integer overflow.

This vulnerability has not been assigned a CVE and does not have a severity declared.

Please note that this advisory only applies to the sqlite3 gem v1.5.0, and only if the packaged libsqlite is being used. If you've overridden defaults at installation time to use system libraries instead of packaged libraries, you should instead pay attention to your distro's libsqlite release announcements.


### Mitigation

Upgrade to the rubygem sqlite3 v1.5.1 or later.

Users who are unable to upgrade the sqlite3 gem may also choose a more complicated mitigation: compile and link sqlite3 against external libsqlite >= 3.39.4 which will also address these same issues.


### References

- Upstream release notes: https://sqlite.org/releaselog/3_39_4.html
- Instructions for compiling against system libraries: https://github.com/sparklemotion/sqlite3-ruby

Devise ruby gem before 4.6.0 when the `lockable` module is used is vulnerable to a time-of-check time-of-use (TOCTOU) race condition due to `increment_failed_attempts` within the `Devise::Models::Lockable` class not being concurrency safe.

The sensu rubygem prior to version 1.2.0 contains a CWE-522 (Insufficiently Protected Credentials) flaw that can result in sensitive configuration data (e.g. passwords) being logged in clear-text. 

Users are advised to upgrade to rubygem version 1.2.1 or later.

The `numtok` function in `lib/raven/okjson.rb` in the raven-ruby gem before 0.12.2 for Ruby allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service via a large exponent value in a scientific number.

CVE ID↕	Published↕	CVSS↓
GHSA-fg9w-g6m4-557j	Oct 24, 2017	N/A
GHSA-c5qq-g673-5p49	Oct 24, 2017	N/A
GHSA-q34c-48gc-m9g8	Oct 24, 2017	N/A
GHSA-hxx6-p24v-wg8c	Oct 24, 2017	N/A
GHSA-x2xw-hw8g-6773	Apr 11, 2023	N/A
GHSA-54rr-7fvw-6x8f	Feb 28, 2024	N/A
GHSA-xf96-32q2-9rw2	Oct 24, 2017	N/A
GHSA-w37c-q653-qg95	Oct 24, 2017	N/A
GHSA-636f-xm5j-pj9m	Jan 24, 2023	N/A
GHSA-m7fq-cf8q-35q7	Oct 24, 2017	N/A
GHSA-353f-x4gh-cqq8	Jul 21, 2025	N/A
GHSA-4xq9-vw89-p5cx	May 17, 2022	N/A
GHSA-j838-vfpq-fmf2	Oct 24, 2017	N/A
GHSA-rx7j-mw4c-76g9	May 14, 2022	N/A
GHSA-6xxq-j39w-g3f6	May 14, 2022	N/A
GHSA-v543-gqhh-6gww	Sep 17, 2018	N/A
GHSA-9wrq-xvmp-xjc8	Oct 24, 2017	N/A
GHSA-4936-rj25-6wm6	Oct 24, 2017	N/A
GHSA-wx7c-8j35-mpg8	May 14, 2022	N/A
GHSA-qwf7-rv77-fcr3	Jan 4, 2024	N/A
GHSA-76wq-xw4h-f8wj	Oct 24, 2017	N/A
GHSA-hqf9-rc9j-5fmj	Oct 24, 2017	N/A
GHSA-gjxw-5w2q-7grf	Oct 24, 2017	N/A
GHSA-2xjj-5x6h-8vmf	Oct 24, 2017	N/A
GHSA-5xmj-wm96-fmw8	Sep 17, 2018	N/A
GHSA-rprj-g6xc-p5gq	Oct 24, 2017	N/A
GHSA-3pxh-h8hw-mj8w	Oct 24, 2017	N/A
GHSA-phmw-pv3f-vvx7	Aug 13, 2018	N/A
GHSA-mgvv-5mxp-xq67	Oct 3, 2022	N/A
GHSA-73rf-6mrf-759q	Mar 19, 2019	N/A
GHSA-69mv-3642-wj3w	Jul 23, 2018	N/A
GHSA-c9c5-9fpr-m882	Oct 24, 2017	N/A

Know every vulnerability
before it knows you.

rubygems CVE Vulnerabilities — DevGuard Vulnerability Database

Know every vulnerabilitybefore it knows you.

rubygems CVE Vulnerabilities — DevGuard Vulnerability Database

Know every vulnerability
before it knows you.