Stored XSS via Unescaped License Attribution Fields

Summary

The AbstractLicenseModel.attribution_link property in wger/utils/models.py constructs HTML strings by directly interpolating user-controlled fields (license_author, license_title, license_object_url, license_author_url, license_derivative_source_url) without any escaping. The resulting HTML is rendered in the ingredient view template using Django's |safe filter, which disables auto-escaping. An authenticated user can create an ingredient with a malicious license_author value containing JavaScript, which executes when any user (including unauthenticated visitors) views the ingredient page.

Severity

High (CVSS 3.1: ~7.6)

• Low-privilege attacker (any authenticated non-temporary user)
• Stored XSS — persists in database
• Triggers on a public page (no authentication needed to view)
• Can steal session cookies, perform actions as other users, redirect to phishing

CWE

CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')

Affected Components

Vulnerable Property

File: wger/utils/models.py:88-110

@property
def attribution_link(self):
    out = ''
    if self.license_object_url:
        out += f'<a href="{self.license_object_url}">{self.license_title}</a>'
    else:
        out += self.license_title  # NO ESCAPING
    out += ' by '
    if self.license_author_url:
        out += f'<a href="{self.license_author_url}">{self.license_author}</a>'
    else:
        out += self.license_author  # NO ESCAPING
    out += f' is licensed under <a href="{self.license.url}">{self.license.short_name}</a>'
    if self.license_derivative_source_url:
        out += (
            f'/ A derivative work from <a href="{self.license_derivative_source_url}">the '
            f'original work</a>'
        )
    return out

Unsafe Template Rendering

File: wger/nutrition/templates/ingredient/view.html

• Line 171: {{ ingredient.attribution_link|safe }}
• Line 226: {{ image.attribution_link|safe }}

Writable Entry Point

File: wger/nutrition/views/ingredient.py:154-175

class IngredientCreateView(WgerFormMixin, CreateView):
    model = Ingredient
    form_class = IngredientForm  # includes license_author field

URL: login_required(ingredient.IngredientCreateView.as_view()) — any authenticated non-temporary user.

Form fields (from wger/nutrition/forms.py:295-313): includes license_author (TextField, max_length=3500) — no sanitization.

Models Affected

6 models inherit from AbstractLicenseModel:

• Exercise, ExerciseImage, ExerciseVideo, Translation (exercises module)
• Ingredient, Image (nutrition module)

Only the Ingredient and nutrition Image models' attribution links are currently rendered with |safe in templates.

Root Cause

1. attribution_link constructs raw HTML by string interpolation of user-controlled fields without calling django.utils.html.escape() or django.utils.html.format_html()
2. The template renders the result with |safe, bypassing Django's auto-escaping
3. The license_author field in IngredientForm has no input sanitization
4. The set_author() method only sets a default value if the field is empty — it does not sanitize user-provided values

Reproduction Steps (Verified)

Prerequisites

• A wger instance with user registration enabled (default)
• An authenticated user account (non-temporary)

Steps

1. Register/login to a wger instance

2. Create a malicious ingredient via the web form at /en/nutrition/ingredient/add/:

   • Set Name to any valid name (e.g., "XSS Form Verified")
   • Set Energy to 125, Protein to 10, Carbohydrates to 10, Fat to 5 (energy must approximately match macros)
   • Set Author(s) (license_author) to:

     <img src=x onerror="alert(document.cookie)">
     

   • Submit the form — the form validates and saves successfully with no sanitization

3. View the ingredient page (public URL, no auth needed):

   • Navigate to the newly created ingredient's detail page
   • The XSS payload executes in the browser

Verified PoC Output

The rendered HTML in the ingredient detail page (line 171 of ingredient/view.html) contains:

<small>
     by <img src=x onerror=alert(1)> is licensed under <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en">CC-BY-SA 3</a>
</small>

The <img> tag with onerror handler is injected directly into the page DOM and executes JavaScript when the browser attempts to load the non-existent image.

Alternative API Path (ExerciseImage)

For users who are "trustworthy" (account >3 weeks old + verified email):

# Upload exercise image with XSS in license_author
curl -X POST https://wger.example.com/api/v2/exerciseimage/ \
  -H "Authorization: Token <token>" \
  -F "exercise=1" \
  -F "image=@photo.jpg" \
  -F 'license_author=<img src=x onerror="alert(document.cookie)">' \
  -F "license=2"

Note: ExerciseImage's attribution_link is not currently rendered with |safe in exercise templates, but the data is stored with XSS payloads and would execute if any template renders it with |safe in the future. The API serializer also returns the unescaped attribution_link data, which could cause XSS in API consumers (mobile apps, SPAs).

Impact

• Session hijacking: Steal admin session cookies to gain full control
• Account takeover: Modify other users' passwords or email addresses
• Data theft: Access other users' workout plans, nutrition data, and personal measurements
• Worm-like propagation: Malicious ingredient could inject XSS that creates more malicious ingredients
• Phishing: Redirect users to fake login pages

Suggested Fix

Replace the attribution_link property with properly escaped HTML using Django's format_html():

from django.utils.html import format_html, escape

@property
def attribution_link(self):
    parts = []

    if self.license_object_url:
        parts.append(format_html('<a href="{}">{}</a>', self.license_object_url, self.license_title))
    else:
        parts.append(escape(self.license_title))

    parts.append(' by ')

    if self.license_author_url:
        parts.append(format_html('<a href="{}">{}</a>', self.license_author_url, self.license_author))
    else:
        parts.append(escape(self.license_author))

    parts.append(format_html(
        ' is licensed under <a href="{}">{}</a>',
        self.license.url, self.license.short_name
    ))

    if self.license_derivative_source_url:
        parts.append(format_html(
            '/ A derivative work from <a href="{}">the original work</a>',
            self.license_derivative_source_url
        ))

    return mark_safe(''.join(str(p) for p in parts))

Alternatively, remove the |safe filter from the templates and escape in the property, though this would break the anchor tags.

References

• Django Security: Cross Site Scripting (XSS) protection
• Django format_html() documentation
• OWASP: Stored Cross-Site Scripting