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GHSA-vjrc-mh2v-45x6

HighCVSS 8.5 / 10
Published Nov 12, 2025·Last modified Nov 17, 2025
Affected Components(0)

No affected components available

Description

Impact

All deployments of OAuth2 Proxy in front of applications that normalize underscores to dashes in HTTP headers (e.g., WSGI-based frameworks such as Django, Flask, FastAPI, and PHP applications).

Authenticated users can inject underscore variants of X-Forwarded-* headers that bypass the proxy’s filtering logic, potentially escalating privileges in the upstream app. OAuth2 Proxy authentication/authorization itself is not compromised.

Patches

This change mitigates a request header smuggling vulnerability where an attacker could bypass header stripping by using different capitalization or replacing dashes with underscores. The problem has been patched with v7.13.0.

By default all specified headers will now be normalized, meaning that both capitalization and the use of underscores (_) versus dashes (-) will be ignored when matching headers to be stripped. For example, both X-Forwarded-For and X_Forwarded-for will now be treated as equivalent and stripped away.

However, if users have a rationale for keeping a similar-looking header and don't want to strip it, a new configuration field for headers managed through AlphaConfig called InsecureSkipHeaderNormalization has been introduced :

// Header represents an individual header that will be added to a request or
// response header.
type Header struct {
	// Name is the header name to be used for this set of values.
	// Names should be unique within a list of Headers.
	Name string `json:"name,omitempty"`

	// PreserveRequestValue determines whether any values for this header
	// should be preserved for the request to the upstream server.
	// This option only applies to injected request headers.
	// Defaults to false (headers that match this header will be stripped).
	PreserveRequestValue bool `json:"preserveRequestValue,omitempty"`

	// InsecureSkipHeaderNormalization disables normalizing the header name
	// According to RFC 7230 Section 3.2 there aren't any rules about
	// capitalization of header names, but the standard practice is to use
	// Title-Case (e.g. X-Forwarded-For). By default, header names will be
	// normalized to Title-Case and any incoming headers that match will be
	// treated as the same header. Additionally underscores (_) in header names
	// will be converted to dashes (-) when normalizing.
	// Defaults to false (header names will be normalized).
	InsecureSkipHeaderNormalization bool `json:"InsecureSkipHeaderNormalization,omitempty"`

	// Values contains the desired values for this header
	Values []HeaderValue `json:"values,omitempty"`
}

Workarounds

Ensure filtering and processing logic in upstream services don't treat underscores and hyphens in Headers the same way.

Risk Scores
Base Score
8.5

The vulnerability can be exploited over the network without needing physical access. It is easy for an attacker to exploit this vulnerability. An attacker needs basic access or low-level privileges. No user interaction is needed for the attacker to exploit this vulnerability. The vulnerability can affect other systems as well, not just the initial system. There is a high impact on the confidentiality of the information. There is a low impact on the integrity of the data.

Threat Intelligence
7.8

Exploitation activity has been observed. Apply available patches or mitigations urgently.

EPSS
0.63%

The exploit probability is very low. The vulnerability is unlikely to be exploited in the next 30 days.

Exploit
Not available

We did not find any exploit available. Neither in GitHub repositories nor in the Exploit-Database.

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