Open-Source Security Intelligence

Know every vulnerability
before it knows you.

DevGuard continuously monitors your dependencies and alerts you when CVEs like this one affect your stack — with real-time threat intelligence built for developers.

Search

GHSA-mq3m-f8x3-579w

HighCVSS 7.6 / 10
Published Jul 22, 2026·Last modified Jul 22, 2026
Affected Components(0)

No affected components available

Description

Impact

When an n8n instance is configured with more than one trusted token-exchange issuer, external identities are resolved to local accounts using only the JWT sub claim, ignoring the issuer (iss). As a result, two different issuers that emit the same subject value map to the same local account.

An attacker who can obtain a valid token from one trusted issuer with a sub matching a victim registered under a different issuer can authenticate as that victim and access their account.

This issue only affects instances where the token exchange feature is enabled and more than one trusted external issuer is configured.

Patches

The issue has been fixed in n8n version 2.28.1. Users should upgrade to this version or later to remediate the vulnerability.

Workarounds

If upgrading is not immediately possible, administrators should consider the following temporary mitigations:

  • If multiple trusted issuers are not required, reduce the token exchange configuration to a single trusted issuer.
  • Disable the token exchange feature entirely if it is not in active use.

These workarounds do not fully remediate the risk and should only be used as short-term mitigation measures.

Risk Scores
Base Score
7.6

The vulnerability can be exploited over the network without needing physical access. It is easy for an attacker to exploit this vulnerability. An attacker needs basic access or low-level privileges. No user interaction is needed for the attacker to exploit this vulnerability.

Threat Intelligence
4.9

Exploitation attempts have been detected. Elevated vigilance and prompt remediation are advised.

EPSS
0.26%

The exploit probability is very low. The vulnerability is unlikely to be exploited in the next 30 days.

Exploit
Not available

We did not find any exploit available. Neither in GitHub repositories nor in the Exploit-Database.

Browse More

Scan your project

Continuously monitor your dependencies and get alerted when vulnerabilities like this one affect your stack.

Checkout DevGuard