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GHSA-f3wc-3vxv-xmvr

MediumCVSS 5 / 10
Published May 24, 2023·Last modified Feb 13, 2025
Affected Components(0)

No affected components available

Description

Impact

A malicious user on a Synapse homeserver X with permission to create certain state events can disable outbound federation from X to an arbitrary homeserver Y.

Synapse instances with federation disabled are not affected.

Details

The Matrix protocol allows homeservers to provide an invite_room_state field on a room invite containing a summary of room state. In versions of Synapse up to and including v1.73.0, Synapse did not limit the size of invite_room_state, meaning that it was possible to create an arbitrarily large invite event.

An attacker with an account on a vulnerable Synapse homeserver X could exploit this by having X create an over-sized invite event in a room with a user from another homeserver Y. Once acknowledged by the invitee's homeserver, the invite event would be sent in a batch of events to Y. If the malicious invite is so large that the entire batch is rejected as too large, X's outgoing traffic to Y would become "stuck", meaning that messages and state events created by X would remain unseen by Y.

Patches

Synapse 1.74 refuses to create oversized invite_room_state fields. Server operators should upgrade to Synapse 1.74 or newer urgently.

Workarounds

There are no robust workarounds.

This attack needs an account on Synapse homeserver X to deny federation from X to another homeserver Y. As a partial mitigation, Synapse operators can disable open registration to limit the ability of attackers to create new accounts on homeserver X.

If homeserver X has been attacked in this way, restarting it will resume outgoing federation by entering "catchup mode". For catchup mode to ignore the oversized invites, every attacked room must have a correctly-sized event sent by X which is newer than any oversized invite. This is difficult to arrange, and does not prevent the attacker from repeating their attack.

References

  • https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/14492 was caused by this issue.
  • https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/14642 includes the patch described above.

For more information

If you have any questions or comments about this advisory, e-mail us at security@matrix.org.

Risk Scores
Base Score
5.0

The vulnerability can be exploited over the network without needing physical access. It is easy for an attacker to exploit this vulnerability. An attacker needs basic access or low-level privileges. No user interaction is needed for the attacker to exploit this vulnerability. The vulnerability can affect other systems as well, not just the initial system. There is a low impact on the availability of the system.

Threat Intelligence
4.6

Exploitation attempts have been detected. Elevated vigilance and prompt remediation are advised.

EPSS
0.98%

The exploit probability is very low. The vulnerability is unlikely to be exploited in the next 30 days.

Exploit
Not available

We did not find any exploit available. Neither in GitHub repositories nor in the Exploit-Database.

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