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GHSA-c4rq-3m3g-8wgx

HighCVSS 7.5 / 10
Published May 6, 2026·Last modified May 9, 2026
Affected Components(0)

No affected components available

Description

Summary

Nokogiri's CSS selector tokenizer contains regular expressions whose construction may result in exponential regex backtracking on adversarial selectors. Three ReDoS vectors are addressed in this release:

  1. String-literal tokenization on certain unterminated quoted-string input.
  2. String-literal tokenization on a separate class of hex-escape-rich input.
  3. Identifier tokenization on hex-escape-rich input.

The public CSS selector methods that funnel through the affected tokenizer are Nokogiri::CSS.xpath_for, Node#css, Node#at_css, Searchable#search, and CSS::Parser#parse.

Mitigation

Upgrade to Nokogiri >= 1.19.3.

If users are unable to upgrade, two options are available:

  • Avoid the use of attacker-controlled text in CSS selectors. Applications that only pass developer-authored selectors to Nokogiri are not directly exposed.
  • Set global Regexp.timeout (Ruby 3.2+, JRuby 9.4+) to bound parse time.

Severity

The Nokogiri maintainers have evaluated this as High Severity (CVSS 7.5, AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H).

An attacker able to inject user-supplied text into a CSS selector parse method can cause exponential backtracking, resulting in a potential denial of service.

Resources

Credit

Vector 1 was responsibly reported by @colby-swandale. Vectors 2 and 3 were discovered by @flavorjones during the response to the original report.

Risk Scores
Base Score
7.5

The vulnerability can be exploited over the network without needing physical access. It is easy for an attacker to exploit this vulnerability. An attacker does not need any special privileges or access rights. No user interaction is needed for the attacker to exploit this vulnerability. The impact is confined to the system where the vulnerability exists. There is a high impact on the availability of the system.

Threat Intelligence
6.9

Exploitation attempts have been detected. Elevated vigilance and prompt remediation are advised.

EPSS
N/A

Probability that this vulnerability will be exploited in the wild within the next 30 days.

Exploit
Not available

We did not find any exploit available. Neither in GitHub repositories nor in the Exploit-Database.

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