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GHSA-c2c7-rcm5-vvqj
No affected components available
Impact
picomatch is vulnerable to Regular Expression Denial of Service (ReDoS) when processing crafted extglob patterns. Certain patterns using extglob quantifiers such as +() and *(), especially when combined with overlapping alternatives or nested extglobs, are compiled into regular expressions that can exhibit catastrophic backtracking on non-matching input.
Examples of problematic patterns include +(a|aa), +(*|?), +(+(a)), *(+(a)), and +(+(+(a))). In local reproduction, these patterns caused multi-second event-loop blocking with relatively short inputs. For example, +(a|aa) compiled to ^(?:(?=.)(?:a|aa)+)$ and took about 2 seconds to reject a 41-character non-matching input, while nested patterns such as +(+(a)) and *(+(a)) took around 29 seconds to reject a 33-character input on a modern M1 MacBook.
Applications are impacted when they allow untrusted users to supply glob patterns that are passed to picomatch for compilation or matching. In those cases, an attacker can cause excessive CPU consumption and block the Node.js event loop, resulting in a denial of service. Applications that only use trusted, developer-controlled glob patterns are much less likely to be exposed in a security-relevant way.
Patches
This issue is fixed in picomatch 4.0.4, 3.0.2 and 2.3.2.
Users should upgrade to one of these versions or later, depending on their supported release line.
Workarounds
If upgrading is not immediately possible, avoid passing untrusted glob patterns to picomatch.
Possible mitigations include:
- disable extglob support for untrusted patterns by using
noextglob: true - reject or sanitize patterns containing nested extglobs or extglob quantifiers such as
+()and*() - enforce strict allowlists for accepted pattern syntax
- run matching in an isolated worker or separate process with time and resource limits
- apply application-level request throttling and input validation for any endpoint that accepts glob patterns
Resources
- Picomatch repository: https://github.com/micromatch/picomatch
lib/parse.jsandlib/constants.jsare involved in generating the vulnerable regex forms- Comparable ReDoS precedent: CVE-2024-4067 (
micromatch) - Comparable generated-regex precedent: CVE-2024-45296 (
path-to-regexp)
The vulnerability can be exploited over the network without needing physical access. It is easy for an attacker to exploit this vulnerability. An attacker does not need any special privileges or access rights. No user interaction is needed for the attacker to exploit this vulnerability. The impact is confined to the system where the vulnerability exists. There is a high impact on the availability of the system.
Exploitation attempts have been detected. Elevated vigilance and prompt remediation are advised.
The exploit probability is very low. The vulnerability is unlikely to be exploited in the next 30 days.
We did not find any exploit available. Neither in GitHub repositories nor in the Exploit-Database.
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