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GHSA-9g45-5xwm-f3wc
Summary
The rmcp crate's StreamableHttpClientTransport forwards caller-supplied custom HTTP headers (such as X-API-Key, X-Auth-Token, Api-Key) to cross-origin redirect targets. The default_http_client() function builds a reqwest::Client without a redirect policy override, so the default limited(10) policy follows 307/308 redirects and forwards all per-request headers except Authorization, Cookie, and Proxy-Authorization. Custom auth headers injected via StreamableHttpClientTransportConfig.custom_headers are not classified as sensitive and are therefore forwarded verbatim to any redirect target — including an attacker-controlled server.
Affected versions
- Repository:
github.com/modelcontextprotocol/rust-sdk - Crate:
rmcp - Commit tested:
c330fede90e4729c234f8e87fdbc5ea27a1dd10c(HEAD, 2026-05-21)
Vulnerability
File: crates/rmcp/src/transport/common/reqwest/streamable_http_client.rs
Root cause 1 — no redirect policy override:
// Lines 302-307
fn default_http_client() -> reqwest::Client {
reqwest::Client::builder()
.pool_max_idle_per_host(0)
.build()
.expect("failed to build default reqwest client")
}
No .redirect(reqwest::redirect::Policy::none()) call. The default limited(10) policy follows up to 10 redirects and, on cross-origin redirects, strips only Authorization, Cookie, and Proxy-Authorization.
Root cause 2 — custom headers not sensitivity-marked:
// Lines 26-35
fn apply_custom_headers(
mut builder: reqwest::RequestBuilder,
custom_headers: HashMap<HeaderName, HeaderValue>,
) -> Result<reqwest::RequestBuilder, StreamableHttpError<reqwest::Error>> {
for (name, value) in custom_headers {
validate_custom_header(&name).map_err(StreamableHttpError::ReservedHeaderConflict)?;
builder = builder.header(name, value); // no sensitivity marker
}
Ok(builder)
}
Headers added via RequestBuilder::header() are forwarded to redirect targets because reqwest only strips headers from its own sensitive-header list (Authorization, Cookie, Proxy-Authorization).
Exposed API: StreamableHttpClientTransportConfig.custom_headers (line 1070), intended for custom auth headers:
/// Custom HTTP headers to include with every request
pub custom_headers: HashMap<HeaderName, HeaderValue>,
Attack scenario
- A caller sets
custom_headerswith an API key for the MCP server:let config = StreamableHttpClientTransportConfig::with_uri("https://mcp.example.com/mcp") .custom_headers([(HeaderName::from_static("x-api-key"), HeaderValue::from_static("my-secret-key"))].into()); - An attacker compromises
mcp.example.comto return307 Temporary Redirecttohttps://attacker.example.net/capture. rmcpfollows the redirect, forwardingX-API-Key: my-secret-keytoattacker.example.net.- The attacker captures the secret and reuses it to call the MCP server directly.
Negative control
The auth_header path (StreamableHttpClientTransportConfig::auth_header()) sets the value via builder.bearer_auth(auth_header), which maps to the Authorization header — stripped by reqwest on cross-origin redirects. That path is not affected. Only custom_headers is vulnerable.
Fix
In default_http_client(), disable automatic redirect following:
fn default_http_client() -> reqwest::Client {
reqwest::Client::builder()
.pool_max_idle_per_host(0)
.redirect(reqwest::redirect::Policy::none()) // <-- add this
.build()
.expect("failed to build default reqwest client")
}
The transport can then inspect 3xx responses and decide whether to follow, stripping sensitive headers before doing so. Alternatively, use reqwest::ClientBuilder::connection_verbose or per-request Request::headers_mut() to remove auth headers before the redirect is followed.
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The vulnerability can be exploited over the network without needing physical access. It is difficult for an attacker to exploit this vulnerability and may require special conditions. An attacker does not need any special privileges or access rights. No user interaction is needed for the attacker to exploit this vulnerability. The vulnerability can affect other systems as well, not just the initial system. There is a high impact on the confidentiality of the information.
Exploitation attempts have been detected. Elevated vigilance and prompt remediation are advised.
The exploit probability is very low. The vulnerability is unlikely to be exploited in the next 30 days.
We did not find any exploit available. Neither in GitHub repositories nor in the Exploit-Database.
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