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CVE-2026-59973
FrontMCP is a TypeScript-first framework for the Model Context Protocol (MCP). From mcp-from-openapi 2.3.0 until 2.5.0 and from frontmcp and @frontmcp/adapters 1.2.1 until 1.5.0, libs/adapters/src/openapi/openapi.adapter.ts loadOpenAPISpec() forwards untrusted OpenAPI url and spec inputs and loadOptions.refResolution to OpenAPIToolGenerator.fromURL() and OpenAPIToolGenerator.fromJSON(). The external $ref guard checks parsed hostname strings without resolving addresses, pinning validated addresses, revalidating redirect targets, or normalizing IPv4-mapped IPv6. An authenticated user who can import or configure an OpenAPI specification in a hosted or multi-user deployment can use DNS-to-loopback resolution, redirect-to-loopback behavior, or IPv4-mapped IPv6 loopback forms to cause backend-origin requests to internal services. This can expose internal administrative APIs, metadata-like services, and other private network endpoints. The practical impact is lower when only a trusted local administrator can configure OpenAPI specs, and disabling external reference protocols prevents the external $ref request. This issue is fixed in mcp-from-openapi 2.5.0 and frontmcp and @frontmcp/adapters 1.5.0.
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The vulnerability can be exploited over the network without needing physical access. It is easy for an attacker to exploit this vulnerability. An attacker needs basic access or low-level privileges. No user interaction is needed for the attacker to exploit this vulnerability. The vulnerability can affect other systems as well, not just the initial system. There is a high impact on the confidentiality of the information. There is a low impact on the integrity of the data.
Exploitation activity has been observed. Apply available patches or mitigations urgently.
The exploit probability is very low. The vulnerability is unlikely to be exploited in the next 30 days.
We did not find any exploit available. Neither in GitHub repositories nor in the Exploit-Database.
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